Windmill.



W. P. BRETT.

WINDMILL. APPLIOATION FILED I'EB.26, 1906;

Patented Dec. 27 1910.

1": mmmb PE7KR! cm, wnsmuarau, n. c.

W. P. BRETT.

WINDMILL.

A'PPLIOATION rum) Emma, 1906.

980, 1 72, Patented Dec. 27, 1910.

2 SEEET8-BHBBT a.

w s K 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM F. BRETT, F DECATUR, ILLINOIS.

WINDMILL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM P. BRETT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Decatur, in the county of Macon and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the class commonly known asthe upright or vertical wheel windmill; and the objects of thisinvention are, first, to provide a windwheel that will be light inweight, sensitive in its governing qualities, and conveniently arrangedfor assembling in working order and for knocking down and crating insmall space for storage and shipment; second, to provide details ofconstruction that in the main features are suitable to all sizes ofwindwheels; third, to provide a wheel frame or spider in which thespokes are secured to the hub and rim in such manner that there will beno tendency of their working loose during the operation of the wheel;and fourth, to provide a wheel frame of the tension spoke type that issuitable for either the feathering blade, or the solid type ofwindwheel. I attain these objects by the novel details in theconstruction, arrangement and operation of the several parts of themechanism which will be apparent from the detailed descriptionhereinafter when read in connection with the accompanying drawingsforming part thereof, and wherein preferable embodiments of theinvention are disclosed and various disconnected parts shown for thepurpose of illustration.

In the drawings Figure 1, is a front view of the wheel and governor withparts broken away; Fig. 2, is a side view of the governor and a portionof the wheel; this figure also shows the crank disk, brake wheel, andmeans for controlling the speed of the wheel and of putting the sameinto and out of action; Fig. 3, is a side view of the brake wheel 13 ofFig. 2; and the controlling mechanism of the windmill, showing how saidmechanism is anchored to the adjacent portion of the main frame orturntable of the windmill; Fig. 4, is an edge view of the cross bar 3 ofFig. 12; Fig. 5 is an edge View of a portion of rim 2 of Figs. 1 and 2and shows one method of connecting the spoke 4 to the rim 2; Figs. 6, 7,8, 9 and 10 are views showing some of the various forms Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application filed February 26, 1906.

Patented Dec. 27, 1910.

Serial No. 303,012.

into which the spokes 4 may be made before being assembled in the wheel;Fig. 11 is a view of one of the hub portions 5 of *igs. 1 and 2; Fig.1.2, is a view of the skeleton or frame of a feathering sail for thelarger sizes of wheels; Fig. 13, is a view of one half of a featheringsail for the smaller and medium sizes of wheels, and also shows thecross bars 3 and 3 by means of which the two halves of the sail aresecured together; Fig. 14, is a sectional view of the antifrictionbushing, 20 of F 16, for the sail pivots in the large wheels; Fig. 15,is an edge view of sail 1 of Figs. 1, 2 and 13 showing the pivotadjusting stay or distance rods 10 and portions of the rims 2 and 2;Fig. 16, is a view of a portion of the rim 2 of Figs. 1 and 2 showinghow the antifriction bush 20 is secured to the rims 2 and 2; Fig. 17, isa view of a portion of a modified form of hub showing how the spokes 4may be attached thereto; Fig. 18, is a front view of the skeleton orspider portion of this invention showing how it may be made andassembled for the solid type of windwheels; Fig. 19, is a view of aportion of the rim 22 of Fig. 18 showing how the. sails may be securedthereto; Fig. 20, is an enlarged view of one of the sails comprising thetwo parts 24 and 24 shown in Figs. 18, 19, 20, 30 and 31; Fig. 21, is aview of a modified form of four integral spokes; Figs. 22, and 23 areenlarged views of the suspension wires 25 of Fig. 18; Fig. 24, is a viewof a modified form of spoke showing how individual spokes may be madeand secured to the rim and hub of the Wheel without the use of bolts andnuts; Fig. 25, is a view of a modified form of the inner ends of thesails that may be assembled in connection with the construction shown inFig. 18; Fig. 26, is a View of a modified form of one of the sections ofthe inner rim 22 of Fig. 18; Fig. 27, is an enlarged side view of thehub 26 of Fig. 18 and also shows a portion of each of the rims 22 and22'; Fig. 28, is a view of a portion of hub 26 of Figs. 18 and 27showing the position of the lugs 27 and 29; Fig. 29, is a view of amodified form of a portion of a rim that may be substituted for rim 22of Fig. 18 showing how the spoke 4 of Fig. 24 may be secured thereto, 35indicating the end of the spoke projecting through the rim; Figs. 30 and31 are views of the two sections of a sail as shown in Figs. 18 and 20;Fig. 32, is a view of the inner side of the special washer or clampingpiece 31 of Fig. 17 Fig. 33 is an end view of another modified form ofhub; and Fig. 3 1 is a side view of the hub shown in Fig. 33.

Similar letters and figures refer to similar and corresponding partsthroughout the several views.

In Figs. 1 and 2, 2 and 2 are the outer and inner rims of a featheringblade windwheel, the outer rim 2 being anchored to the hub portions 5 bymeans of the spokes t, and the inner rim 2 is suspended substan tiallyconcentric with the outer rim by means of the stay or distance rods 10preferably one on each side of each of the sails, The three blades orsails 1, 1, and 1" comprise a section of sails, each of which ispivotally anchored to said rims and all are adapted to be governinglyactuated by one arm 4 of the governor part 5 which is carried by thewheel shaft 9" and is adapted to rotate therewith and to oscillateindependent thereof. The three sails of the section are connectedtogether by the links 0, which are secured to the projections 3 of thecross bars 3 of the sails and are adapted to be actuated in unison bymeans of the link or bar 4 which is preferably connected with the centersail of the section at one end and to the end of arm 4 at the other end;and thus any number of sections of sails may be actuated by means of acorresponding number of arms 4t which are substantially equally spacedabout and radiate from the governor part 5; thus it is readily seen thatthe windwheel may comprise any desired number of sail sections and thateach section may comprise any desired number of sails, and also that allof the parts of each section are duplicates of and interchange able withthe corresponding parts of all of the other sections of the wheel. Thegovernor comprises the central or hub portion 6 (see Figs. 1 and 2)which is rigidly secured to the shaft 9 which has its bearing in thetubular wheel shaft 9 and is adapted to oscillate therein and rotatetherewith.

The hub or central portion 6' carries the two arms 6 which are adaptedto have the parts 6 pivoted to the outer ends thereof, and part 6 ofeach arm carries a rod or extension 8 on which are adjustably fixed theweighted governor sails 9 and the clips 8; the curved rod 7 providedwith the stop nut 7 at its outer end passes through an aperture in theextension 7 of each of the parts 6 and is adapted in conjunction withsprings 11 and 11 and the intervening connecting parts 4t, 1, 0, and 8to normally hold the sail carrying extensions 8)v substantially atrightangles to the arms (5; the spring 11 being attached at one end tothe wheel rim 2 and at the other end to the cross bar 3, shown in brokenlines in Fig. 1 and solid lines in Fig. 2, preferably of the center sailof each of the sail sections of the wheel, thus normally holding thewheel sails full in the wind and the governor sails so as to passedgewise through the air as they revolve with the wheel, with the wheeland governor sails in these positions one of the spokes of the part 5bears against the stop 35 which is made rigid with the hub part 5, andthe arms 6 of the governor bear against the stops 5 which are carried bythe part 35 which is rigidly secured to the shaft 9", the part or spider5 being free to oscillate on shaft 9" between part 35 and the hub 5 andthe part 6 with the arms 6 being carried by the oscillating shaft 9 itis readily seen that the entire governor mechanism is yieldingly heldagainst stops 5 and 35 by the springs 11 and 11 during the operation ofthe wheel in winds that are not strong enough to cause the governor toact, but if a strong gust of wind should strike the wheel and suddenlyincrease the speed thereof the inertia of the governor mechanism willinstantly act in overcoming the tension of the springs 11 and cause thesails 1, 1, and 1 to turn sufliciently out of the wind to effect thegradual. speeding up of the wheel until the velocity is attained thatwill cause the governor sails 9 with their attachment weights 8 and arms8 to swing outward on pivots 36 by centrifugal force, and as sails 9swing outward they present an increasing air resisting surface againstwhich the air acts and supplements the centrifugal force in governinglyactuating the wheel sails, and with the sails 9 partially extended in agood operating wind there is established an operating condition of thegovernor under which it is very sensitive in its governing qualities byreason of the harmonious action of the centrifugal and centripetalforces of the arms 8, sails 9 and sail attachment weights 8 and theresistance of the air thereagainst and the momentum and inertia of theentire governing mechanism which in a good strong wind will cause theWheel to rotate at an approximately uniform and unvarying speedregardless of wind and load variations in connection with which thewheel is adapted to operate.

The broken part let (see Fig. 2) represents a portion of the windmillturntable which carries the shaft 9, the main part of the bearing forthe shaft 9 being shown as broken away and 13 is the crank disk which issecured to the inner end of the wheel sh aft 9, the part 13 is a brakewheel formed as shown in Fig. 3 and is rigidly secured to the inner endof the governor shaft 9. and is adapted to oscillate therewith, with thewristpin 13 extending through the aperture 14:, and in connection withthe brake 12, the

spring 11", and the pull cord 12" constitutes a means by which thewindwhecl may be optionally controlled by a person at a distancetherefrom by means of the cord 12' which may be made to extend to anydesired position; this optional controlling of the wheel is accomplishedby pulling downward on the cord 12" which sets the brake 12 on the wheel13 holding it againstrotation to the extent of causing the governormechanism, above described, to overcome the tension of springs 11 andturn the sails to their inactive position, the forward movement of thewheel effecting this result when the brake 12 is applied to the wheel13, but when the cord 12 is not drawn downward the springll, which isattached at its upper end to the bracket 12 will normally hold the brakefree of the wheel 13 and the springs 11 will hold the wheel sails intheir active positions. I The slot 14 in the brake wheel 13 throughwhich the wrist-pin 13 extends is of such length as to permit the brakewheel to oscillate independent of the crank-disk to the extent that whenthe wristpin 13 bears against the metal of the brake wheel at one end ofthe slot the wheel sails will be held full in the wind and when thewrist-pin bears at the other end of the slot the sails will be held fullout of the wind and when the wind-wheel is in operation with the brake12 free of the wheel 13 the governor will cause the shaft 9 and wheel 13to oscillate so that the wrist-pin 13' may not bear against either limitof the slot 14' but the brake wheel may be continuously making shortoscillations relative to the crank-shaft and disk; the position of thewristpin in the slot being determined by the relative conditions of theload carried by the Wheel and the force of the wind by which the wheelis being impelled.

Great strength is required in windwheels for heavy work and it isimportant that all of the material used in their construction shouldbe-distributed to the best advantage possible and in order to accomplishthis I provide a rigid central or hub portion as shown in either ofFigs. 1, 2, 11, 18, 27, 28, 33, and 34, all. of which are adapted to beassembled in working order with any of the spokes shown in, thesedrawings excepting the form shown in Fig. 21. which requires the specialconstruction of hub attachment shown in Figs. 17 and 32.

Figs. 9 and 10 show two groups each of which comprises four spokes madeof one endless wire or red, the spokes in Figs. 1, 2 and 11 being of theform shown in Fig. 9 and the spokes shown in connection with Figs. 18,27, 28, 33 and 34: are of the form shown in Fig. 10. and in all of thesefigures each spoke is indicated by the reference figure 4; Fig. 11 is anenlarged view of one of the hub flanges 5 of the wheel shown in Figs. 1and 2 as seen when looking in the direction of the length of the wheelshaft; .in these figures the flanges stand substantially at right anglesto the wheel shaft and are provided with the oblong apertures 16 throughwhich the loops 1 1 of the spokes are adapted to be forced and securedtherein by means of a pin or key as shown at 16 in Fig. 11. The spokesshown in Fig. 9 when spread as shown in Fig. 10 are in shape to beassembled in connection with either of the hubs shown in Figs;27 and 31and in each of-these hubs the loop 14L stands substantially at rightangles to the wheel shaft instead of parallel therewith as shown inFigs. 1, 2, and 11.

in Figs. 18, 27 and 28 the loops 14" are designed to be clamped betweenthe flanges 26 and 27 (see Fig. 27) and embraced by the two lugs 27, ofone of the flanges, as shown in Fig. 28 with the bolt 27 extendingthrough the loop and flanges, thus securing the spokes rigidly to thehub. The hub shown in Figs. 33 and 34 is a pulley shaped cylinder orshell 28 and is provided with a series of oblong apertures near eachedge portion of the rim substantially as shown at 16 in Fig. 34: and theloops 1 1 of the spokes are adapted to be inserted and secured with asplit key substantially as shown at 16 in Fig. 34, thus it is apparentthat the spokes shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are adapted to be attached tothe hubs and outer rims of the wheels either as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and11. or as shown in Figs. 18, 27, and 34, and as the rim 2 (see Figs. 1and 2) is secured to the spokes of the wheel by means of keyssubstantially as shown at 16 in Figs. 2 and 19 it is also shown that allof the spokes have substantially uniform size and strength throughoutand that there is no possible chance for loosening at any point orbreakage of any of the spokes in a properly proportioned wheel, and thatwheels of this type of construction may be made exceedingly light inweight and of great strength.

In the two types of wheel shown in Figs. 2 and 18 the outer rim of eachtype is connected With the hub of the wheel by as many spokes as may benecessary, considering the work to be accomplished by the wheel, and isprevented from bulging out between the spoke attachments by means of thestay or distance rods 10 in the type shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and by thetension wires 25 in the type shown in Fig. 18, and the inner rim in eachtype is preferably anchored to these rods or wires exclusive ofanyanchorage to either the spokes or hub of the wheel. Means for varyingthe distance between the outer and inner rims and maintaining a fixeddistance there-between, in line with the sail pivots, in the type shownin Figs. 1 and 2 is provided in the running thread and nuts on the rods10 substantially as shown in Fig. 15, thus providing means for accurateadjustment to the sail pivots as well as giving extra strength and anydesired uniform tension to all parts of the wind wheel. In the typeshown in Fig. 18 the tension wires 25 are made with a suitable loopsomewhat as shown at 36 and 36 in Figs. 22 and 23 and are secured to theouter rim by' means of a key the same as the spokes are attachedthereto; the inner rim in this type of wheel may consist of a number ofsections of round rods formed in any suitable shape but preferablysomewhat as shown in Fig. 26 and are provided with right and leftthreads adapting them to be secured in operative position substantiallyas shown in F ig. 18 by means of the turnbuckles 22 and these sectionsmay be slightly crimped as shown in Fig. 26 so as to equally space theinner ends of the sails and the tension wires 25. For the solid type ofwheel the sails are preferably provided with a clip or anchorage flangeas 32 shown in Figs. 19 and 20 or they may be anchored to the outer rimand held at the proper angle to the wind by means of the braces 32 and33 shown in Fig. 19 also, and the inner ends of the sails are providedwith either the aperture 33 or the eye 23 as shown in Figs. 20 and 25.The inner rim 22 see Fig. 18 is put through the eyes or loops 36 (seeFigs. 22 and 23) of the tension wires 25 one sect-ion at a time and thensecured together by means of the turnbuckles 22, and the sails'may besecured to the outer rim, which is preferably composed of detachablesections secured together as shown at 3 1 in any convenient andsubstantial manner but preferably in the usual way by means of a bolt orrivet through the rim and clip 32 as shown at 3 1 in Fig. 19 for thesails that are located between the tension rods 25 and for the sailsthat are located adjacent to these rods and the spokes the same key thatsecures the wires and spokes may be made to also secure the sails asshown at 16" in Fig. 19. The wire 34 is attached to the outer rim andtwisted into the turnbuckles after they have been adjusted and aresimply to prevent the turnbuckles from twisting so as to maintain thetautness of the inner rim 22. Before securing the wires 34 and afterassembling and adjusting all of the other parts of the wheel anydesired. tension may be given to the spokes and uniformly to all tensionparts of the wheel by so turning the turnbuckles 22 as to contract theinner band 22 thus causing the outer band or rim to tend to bulgeoutwardly at the points of the spoke attachments. In this type ofwindwheel it is preferable to so proportion the sails that the surfaceoutside of the rim 22 is approximately the same in area as the portionthat extends inwardly so that the rim 22 carries substantially theentire load of the wheel, and with the sails thus balanced on the outerrim the inner ends may be secured so as to prevent any impairingvibration of the sails by means of the coiled extension springs 25 whichare simply hooked into the aperture 33 at one end and into one of thecrimps 23 (see Fig. 26) of the inner rim 22, the springs 25 being undersuch tension as to maintain the proper spacing and steadiness of thesails, thus it is readily seen that with this yielding con nection forthe inner ends of the sails a substantially uniform stress is exertedupon all of the sails regardless of what the working strains of thewheel may be, and that substantially the same construction of wheelframe or spider is adapted to use in connection with either thefeathering blade or solid wheel type.

In the smaller sizes of solid wheels the inner rim 22 may pass throughthe eyes 23 Fig. 25 without throwing any undue strains on any of thesails thus cheapening the construction of the wheels.

Instead of the construction of sails shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 13 thesails of the feathering blade type for the large wheels are preferablyprovided with a skeleton or frame work comprising longitudinal slats 18,18

and 18 and 19 and end slats 17 and 17 made in two parts detachablysecured together by means of cross bars as shown at 3 and 3 in Figs. 4and 12 in which n indicates detachable screws which pass through thecross bars 3 and 3 and are screwed into the longitudinal slats thusdetachably securing the two parts, into one rigid sail frame. 17 is anapertured enlargement in the bars 3 and 3 and is adapted to receive thepivot pins 19 and 19" which are adjustably secured therein by means ofthe setscrews 37 (see Figs. 41 and 15), and in the medium and smallersizes of wheels the pivot pins 19 and 19 may have their bearings inapertures through the rims of the wheel as shown in Fig. 15 but for thelarge wheels it is preferable to provide an antifriction bushing orremovable hearing as 20 shown in Figs. 14 and 16 which may be made ofoil soaked wood or any other antifriction material, and these bearingsare secured in place on the inside of the rim 2 and on the outside ofthe rim 2 by means of the clips 20 which are held in place by bolts 20,and the aperture 21 in the bush does not extend entirely therethroughthus providing an end thrust bearing for each of the pins 19 and 19which can in connection therewith be so adjusted as to take up all lostmotion and thus cause silent running of the wheel; these antifrictionbearings and the light frames of the sails with canvas or other lightweight sail material in connection therewith make possible theconstruction of a very strong, light and easy running feathering bladewindwheel, which in connection with the governing mechanism abovedescribed is very sensitive in its governing qualities.

The method of pivoting the sails at their outer ends as is usually donethrows all of the wind pressure on bearings that are extremely wideapart which causes the sails to spring and cause undue strains andfriction on the sail pivots, thus causing rapid wear of the pivots andvery seriously interfering with the governing of the speed of the wheel.To overcome these objectionable features I place the pivots at suchdistance from the ends of the sails as to give a sail surface outside ofthe pivots that is substantially equal to the surface between the pivotsso that the wind pressure is practically balanced on the pivots with butslight tendency to spring the sails, with the further advanta ge ofhaving the pivots closer together, thus giving greater strength toresist the tendency to spring under the heavier wind pressures; I alsoplace these pivots in the longitudinal centerline of the sail with thelongitudinal centerline of the pivots in the plane of the sail surfaces.With the sails thus nicely poised upon the pivots there is but littleforce required to governingly' actuate them thus making it possible togovern the speed of the wheel very closely.

In the very large wheels the spokes 4 may be made in detachable parts asshown in Figs. 6 and 7 and connected together in operative form by meansof the turnbuckles 15 as shown in Fig. 8, and if at any time it may, befound convenient or desirable to have but two instead of four united itis readily done by simply making the spokes in the form shown in Fig. 7of a length suitable to the size of the wheel and secure the endsthereof to the rim of the wheel as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 21 represents a group of four spokes made integral from two piecesof wire or rods preferably by means of the electric welding process, theenlargements 30 midway between the bends or loops 15 are caused by theprocess of welding and are purposely made unusually large so as toprovide a substantial means of attachment to the hub of the wheel, thisattachment of the spokes to the hub of the wheel is made substantiallyas shown in Figs. 17 and 32 in which 31 is a portion of the wheel huband 31 is a special clamping piece or washer which is provided, on itsclamping side, with the groove 30 and the cavity 30 for securing thespokes in place, a corresponding groove and cavitv being formed in thecoacting part of the hub which is also provided with an aperture orcavity for the reception of the lug 31 which assists in holding theclamping piece 31 immovable when the nut is tightened on the bolt 27with the spoke in place between the hub and clamping piece as shown inFig. 17, the enlargement 30 being made for a tight fit in the cavity 30thus providing a very rigid and enduring means of attachment of thespokes to the hub of the wheel.

Having thus described my invention and the manner of its operation, what1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s 1. Thecombination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, a hub for saidwindwheel, spokes connecting said hub and outer rim, a plurality ofsails each of which is pivoted substantially 011 its longitudinal centerline and intermediate its end portions to both of said rims, a stay ordistance rod connecting said rims adjacent to each of said sails andindependent of the pivotportions thereof, and mechanism ada )ted toautomatically oscillate said sails for regulating the speed of thewindwheel.

2. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, a hub,spokes connecting said hub and outer rim, a plurality of sails each ofwhich is pivoted substantially on its longitudinal center line andintermediate its end portions to both of said rims, and a stay ordistance rod extending from one to the other of said rims adjacent toeach of said sails and independent of the pivot portions thereof.

3. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, a hub,spokes connecting said hub and outer rim, a plurality of sails each ofwhich is adapted to oscillate about its longitudinal center line whichradiates from the central portion of saidwindwheel, and an adjustablespacing or distance rod in connection with said rims near to andindependent of the pivot portions of each of the said sails.

at. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, stayor distance rods connecting said rims, a hub, spokes connecting said huband outer rim, a plu- 'ality of skeletons or frames each compris inglongitudinal and cross bars for carrying the sail surface portions ofthe windwheel, and means whereby the said ske1e tons or frames may bepivotally secured to said rims.

5. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, stay ordistance rods connecting said rims, a hub, spokes connecting said huband outer rim, a plurality of longitudinally divided two part sails,means whereby the two parts of each sail may be detachably securedtogether, and adjustable pivot portions whereby said sails are adaptedto oscillate about radial axes.

6. The combination in a windwheel of an outer and an inner rim, aplurality of sails each, of which is adapted to oscillate about a radialaxis, a pair of cross bars for 7. The combination in a windwheel of anouter and an inner rim, two part sails separable longitudinally, aplurality of cross bars for each of said sails, adapted to detachablysecure the parts thereof together, and adjustable pivot pins for saidcross bars.

8. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, stay ordistance rods connecting said rims, a hub, spokes connecting said huband outer rim, a plurality of skeletons or frames for carrying the sailsurface portions of the windwheel, and pivot bars whereby said skeletonsor frames are adapted to be pivotally anchored to said rims.

9. The combination in a windwheel of an outer and an inner rim, aplurality of pivoted sails each of which is adapted to oscillate about aradial axis in the plane of said rims, and removable bearing portionscarried by said rims and comprising parts of said sail pivots.

10. The combination in a windwheel of an outer and an inner rim,bearingsarranged in pairs with one of each pair secured to each of said rims, asail for each of the said pairs of bearings, and adjustable pivot partscarried by said sails and adapted to an op erative engagement with saidbearings.

11. The combination in a windwheel of an outer and an inner rim,removable thrust bearings arranged in pairs with one of each pairsecured to the inside of the outer rim and the other to the outside ofthe inner rim, and a sail for, and adapted to be pivotally anchored toeach of the said pairs of bearings.

12. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, stayor distance rods connecting said rims, a plurality of bearing portionsarranged in pairs the bearings of each pair being substantially in thesame radial line and one carried by each of said rims, a plurality ofskeletons or frames for carrying the sail surface portions of thewindwheel and made to extend both ways beyond the bearings in thedirection of the radial lines thereof and each adapted to be pivotallyanchored to any one of the said pairs of bearings.

13. The combination in a windwheel of an outer and an inner rim, aplurality of groups of sails each group comprising a plurality of sailseach of which is provided with a pivot bearing in connection with eachof said rims, a governor part adapted to rotate with and to oscillateindependent of said windwheel, an actuating bar or link connecting eachof said groups of sails with said governor part, pivoted levers mountedindependent of said governor part, and means whereby said levers may beautomatically caused to impart an oscillatory mo tion to said governorpart with respect to said windwheel during its rotation;

14C. The combination in a windwheel of a plurality of groups of sails, aplurality of sails in each of said groups each of which is adapted tooscillate about a radial axis, a governor part adapted to rotate withand to oscillate independent of said windwheel,

a link connection between said governorsails in each of said groupsadapted to oscillate about radial axesin turi'iing to and from the wind,a governor part adapted to rotate with and to oscillate independent ofsaid windwheel, means whereby said groups of sails may be actuated bysaid governor part, pivoted levers mounted independent of said governorpart, and means whereby said levers may be caused to impart anoscillatory motion to said governor part with respect to said windwheelduring its rotation therewith.

16. The combination in a windwheel of a plurality of oscillatoryradially fixed sails, a governor part adapted to rotate with and tooscillate independent of said windwheel, means whereby said governorpart is adapted to cause the oscillation of said sails, pivoted leversmounted independent of said governor part, and means whereby said 1eversmay cause the oscillation of said governor part with respect to saidwindwheel during its rotation.

17. The combination in a windwheel of aplurality of oscillatory radiallyfixed sails, a governor part carrying a governor sail and adapted torotate with and to oscillate independent of said windwheel, and meanswhereby said governor part and sail are adapted to automatically causethe oscillation of said radially fixed sails during the operation ofsaid windwheel.

18. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim,detachable bearings or sail attachment parts for said rims, a hub,spokes attached to said hub and outer rim, means whereby said inner rimis maintained approximately concentric with and at the sail attachmentparts at a fixed dis tance from said outer rim independent of anysupporting attachment with said. hub spokes or sails, and the saidwindwheel sails anchored to said outer and inner rims.

19. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, a hub or centralportion comprising axially spaced means for spoke attachments, two setsor series of spokes axially separated at said hub or central portion andconnecting the same with said outer rim, an inner rim approximatelyconcentric with said outer rim and embraced between said two sets ofspokes, sails radially fixed and anchored to said rims, and meansindependent of said spokes and sails for maintaining said rims at afixed distance apart.

20. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, a hub or centralportion comprising axially spaced means for spoke attachments, two setsor series of spokes axially separated at said hub or central portion andconnecting the same with said rim, an inner rim approximately concentricwith said outer rim and embraced between said two sets of spokes, sailsapproximately radially fixed and anchored to said rims, and meansindependent of said sails whereby the portions of said rims in theradial lines of said sail anchorages are held at fixed dis tances apartduring permissible working fluctuations in distance between otherportions of said rims.

91. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, a hub or centralportion, spokes connecting said hub and outer rim, an inner rim, sailssubstantially radially fixed and anchored to both of said rims, andmeans independent of said sails and spokes whereby the portions of saidrims that are in the lines of the anchorages of said sails are held atfixed distances apart during permissible working fluctuations indistance be tween other parts of said rims.

22. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, a hub or centralportion. spokes connecting said central portion and rim, an inner rim.sails anchored to said rims. and means whereby said inner rim is rigidlyfixed in its position and exclusively suspended from said outer rimindependent of any rigid connection with either the hub, spokes or sailsof the windwheel.

23. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, a hub, spokesconnecting said hub and rim, an inner rim, sails anchored to said rims,detachable antifriction rail bearings secured to said rims and means formaintaining the portion of said rims at their points of attachment tosaid sails at fixed distances apart independent of any direct attachmentto either the spokes or hub of the windwheel.

24. The combination in a windwheel of a hub comprising axially spacedspoke attachment parts, a rim provided with spoke attachment parts, anendless rod comprising four integral spokes provided with hub and rimattachment parts, and means whereby the said hub and rim attachmentparts of the said spokes may be secured to their respective spokeattachment parts of the said hub and rim.

25. The combination in a windwheel of a hub or central portion providedwith axially spaced spoke attachment parts, a rim provided with spokeattachment parts, an endless rod comprisingfour spokes provided with huband rim attachment parts made integral therewith, and means for securingthe hub and rim attachn'lent parts of the said spokes to theirrespective parts of the said hub and rim.

26. The combination in a windwheel of a hub or central portioncomprising axially spaced spoke attachment parts, an endless rod soformed as to constitute four spokes provided with hub and rim attachmentparts made integral therewith, a rim for said windwheel, and means fordetachably securing said spokes to the said rim and hub.

27. The combination in a windwheel of a hub or central portioncomprising axially spaced means for spoke attachments, groups of spokeseach group comprising four spokes made integrally, bent partsconstituting" the hub and rim attachment portions of said spokes, meanswhereby said bent parts may be securely attached to said hub and rimrespectively, and means whereby any desired tension may be given to saidspokes.

28. The combination in a windwheel of a hub provided with axially spacedspoke attachment parts, an endless rod so formed as 9 to constitute fourspokes, U shaped bends at the extremities of said spokes so formed thateach bend constitutes a means for the securement of two of the saidspokes at their respective points of attachn'ieut, a rim provided withspoke attachment parts, and keys for securing said U shaped bends totheir respective parts of said hub and rim.

29. The combination in a. windwheel of a hub or central portion providedwith axially spaced means for spoke attachments, a rim, spokes providedwith U shaped bonds which constitute the hub and rim attachment portionsthereof, spaced apertures through said rim and other apertures throughparts of said hub, and keys whereby said U shaped bends are secured insaid rim and hub apertures respectively.

30. The combination ina windwheel of a hub provided with axially spacedspoke attachment parts. a rim for said windwheel, a plurality of oblongapertures through each of the said spoke attachment parts and said rim,an endless rod so formed as to constitute four spokes the said rodhaving loop portions integral therewith which are adapted to extendthrough the respective oblong apertures in the said spoke attachmentparts and rim, and a key for securing each loop portion as set forth.

31. The combination in a windwheel of a hub or central portion providedwith axially spaced means for spoke attachments, a rim provided withoblong apertures, spokes provided with bends or loops for rim attachmentportions, means whereby said spokes may be secured to said hub orcentral portion, and keys for securing said loops or bends in saidoblong apertures for the purpose set forth.

32. The combination in a windmill of a wheel frame or spider, aplurality of sails carried by said frame and adapted to oscillate aboutradial axes, a governor device adapted to rotate with and to oscillateindependent of said frame or spider, a governor part adapted to rotatewith and to oscillate independent of both said device and frame orspider, a link connection between said governor part and said sails,pivoted levers carried by said governor device, and a link connectionbetween said pivoted levers and said governor part.

33. The combination in a windwheel of a wheel frame or spider, aplurality of sails carried by said frame and adapted to oscillate aboutradial axes, a governor device carrying air resistible sails and adaptedto rotate with and to oscillate independent of said frame or spider, andmeans whereby said governor device and air resistible sails mayautomatically cause the oscillation of all of the said plurality ofsails during the rotation thereof with said wheel frame or spider.

34. The combination in a windmill of a wheel frame or spider, aplurality of wheel sails carried by said frame and adapted to oscillateabout radial axes, a governor device adapted to rotate with and tooscillate independent of said frame or spider, a tubular shaft carryingsaid frame or spider, a governor shaft carrying said governor device andextending through said tubular shaft, a brake wheel carried by saidgovernor shaft, a brake normally free of said brake wheel and adapted tobe so actuated as to resist the rotation thereof, and means whereby saidgovernor device may automatically cause the oscillation of said wheelsails during the rotation of said frame or spider.

The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carrying aplurality of radially fixed oscillatory sails, a governor device adaptedto rotate with and to oscillate independent of said motor part andcarrying air resistible sails, and means whereby said air resistiblesails may automatically cause the oscillation of said radially fixedsails during the rotation of said motor part.

36. The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carrying aplurality of radially fixed oscillatory sails, a governor device adaptedto rotate with said motor part, weighted governor sails carried by saiddevice, and means whereby said governor sails may automatically causethe oscillation of said radially fixed sails during the rotation of saidmotor part.

37. The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carrying aplurality of radially fixed oscillatory sails, a governor device adaptedto rotate with said motor part, pivoted levers carried by said governordevice, governor sails carried by said pivoted levers, and means inoperative connection therewith whereby said governor sails and ivotedlevers may automatically cause the oscillation of said radially fixedsails during the rotation of said motor part, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

38. The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carrying aplurality of radially fixed oscillatory sails, a governor device adaptedto rotate with and to oscillate independent of said motor part, pivotedlevers carried by said governor device, governor sails carried by saidpivoted levers, and means in connection therewith whereby the resistanceof the air acting substantially at right angles to the direction of theforce of the wind will cause the said governor sails, levers andgovernor device to governingly actuate the said radially fixedoscillatory sails during the rotation of the said motor part.

39. The combination in a windmill of a tubular rotatable motor partcarrying a plurality of oscillatory sail portions which are adapted toactive and inactive positions, a governor shaft extending through andadapted to oscillate relative to the said motor part, a governor devicemounted in connection with one end of said governor shaft and a brakemember mounted in connection with the other end, means carried by saidgovernor device and motor part for governingly actuating said sailportions, and means whereby said brake member may be caused to hold thesaid governor device and motor part against rotation.

40. The combination in a windwheel of a tubular rotatable motor part, aplurality of windwheel sails pivotally mounted and carried by said motorpart, a main frame comprising the bearing portion for said tubular motorpart, a governor shaft extending through the said tubular motor part, agovernor operatively mounted in connection with the said governor shaftand said windwheel sails, an air resistible sail portion carried by andconstituting a part of said governor, and controlling mechanism mountedin connection with said main frame and said governor shaft.

41. The combination in a windmill of a tubular rotatable motor part, aplurality of pivotally mounted sail portions carried by and adapted toactuate the said motor part, a main frame part comprising the bearingportion for said motor part, a governor shaft extending through saidtubular motor part, a governor mounted in connection with the outer endof the said governor shaft and the said pivotally mounted sail portions,governing members adapted to be actuated by the resistance of the airand centrifugal force for causing the said governor and shaft tooscillate independent of the said motor part, and controller devicesmounted in connection with the said main frame part and the inner end ofthe said governor shaft for the purpose set forth.

42. The combination in a windmill of a windwheel hub, an outer rim, aninner rim, detachable antifriction sail bearing portions, spokes securedto said hub and outer rim, a plurality of sails anchored to said rims,and a stay or distance rod connecting said rims adjacent to each of saidsails but independent of the anchorage portions of the sails.

43. The combination in a windwheel of an outer rim, an inner rim, stayor distance rods connecting said rims, a plurality of frames forcarrying the surface portions of the windwheel sails, a hub and spokes,and means whereby said frames are adapted to be pivotally anchored tosaid rims.

44. The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carryingpivotally mounted motor sail portions, a governor de vice mounted torotate with and adapted to oscillate independentof the said motor part,a plurality of arms extending outwardly from the central part of saiddevice, a connecting link or bar extending from each of said arms totheir respective parts of said motor sail portions, another governorpart adapted to rotate and to oscillate With said overnor device, armsextending oppositely rom the central portion of said governor part, aswinging lever pivoted to the outer portion of each of said oppositelyextending arms and ada ted to, normally, stand substantially at rlghtangles to the said oppositely extending arms, an adjustable governorsail and weight carried by each of said swinging levers, and aconnecting link or bar extending from each of said swinging levers tosaid governor device.

45. The combination in a windmill of a rotatable motor part carryingmotor sails which are adapted to active and inactive positions, agovernor part mounted to rotate with and adapted to oscillateindependent of said motor part, a plurality of pivoted levers carried bysaid governor part and adapted to be caused to swing outwardly, bycentrifugal force, as they rotate, means adapted to hold said leversyieldingly against the action of said centrifugal force, governorweights and sails carried by said levers, and means whereby the saidpivoted levers and governor weights and sails may automatically causesaid motor sails to oscillate to and from the wind during the rotationof the said rotatable motor part.

46. The combination in a windwheel of a rotatable hub portion providedwith axially spaced apertured spoke attachment parts, a rim havingapertured spoke attachment parts, spokes provided with loops for hub andrim attachments, and keys adapted to secure said loops in the saidapertures of said hub and rim attachment parts respectively.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

l/VILLIAM P. BRETT. Witnesses:

SAMUEL R. GHER, SOPHIA MCVITTY.

